Strategies for Coping with Stress Essay examples - 2020 Words

Strategies for Coping with Stress Stress has been defined as a pattern of negative physiological and psychological processes occurring in situations where people perceive threats to their well being which they may be unable to meet. These situations involve stimuli which can be either real or imagines and are generally known as stressors. Stressors come in many forms; for example, they can be cataclysmic such as life disasters including floods and earthquakes and also things such as rape and abuse. But they can also quite insignificant things such as being late for work or stuck in traffic – these are generally known as life’s little hassles. Although stressors are mainly seen as negative,†¦show more content†¦There is also the problem of prolonged and severe stress as many people’s lifestyles can easily produce stressors and this increases their chances of a stress related illness. Much of the research regarding stressors and their long-term effects on the body comes from Seyle’s General Adaptation Syndrome (1956). A lot of Seyle’s research was based on using laboratory animals and his results showed that constant exposure to severe stressors produces three physiological phases, the first phase is alarm reaction, and this showed the bodies physiological response to a situation with stressful stimuli. Phase two was known as the stage of resistance in which if the stressful stimuli (stressor) persists or is not dealt with correctly the body seeks to maintain arousal at a constant lower level. The final phase was the stage of exhaustion where by eventually the continued high arousal levels exhaust the body’s resources producing both negative physiological and psychological effects. The extent to which people can adapt to a stressor depends on the individual and how they perceive the stressful stimuli because people’s emotions seem to be able to cope with short-term events where as the physiological response our body’s produce coincides with our negative emotions and soShow MoreRelatedLevels Of Stress And Coping Strategies Among Arts Streams, Male And Female University Students Of Peradeniya Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesLevels of Stress and Coping Strategies Among Arts Stream, Male and Female University Students of Peradeniya Buddhiprabha. D. D. Pathirana, Senior Lecturer in Psychology, Department of Philosophy Psychology, University of Peradeniya Author Note Correspondence concerning this paper should be directed to Dr. Buddhiprabha D.D.Pathirana, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, at buddhiprabha2001@yahoo.com or buddhiprabha@pdn.ac.lk Investigating the Levels of Stress and Coping Strategies Among ArtsRead MoreCoping Assignment On Coping1011 Words   |  5 PagesCoping Assignment To more fully understand the different strategies and methods to coping we need to understand the physiological and psychological process of stress and coping. â€Å"A stressor is an external influence that threatens to disrupt the equilibrium that is needed to maintain homeostasis† Pearson Education, 2015). In times of homeostasis we are comfortable and stable both physically and mentally. 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There are workplace stress that is moderate, while extreme stress could be a hindrance to employees’ efficiency, commitment and satisfaction in the organization or management. Coping can fundamentally aid in reducing the stress of a person. Coping has two broadly acknowledged main functions: problem-focused coping and emotion-focusedRead MoreStress Management Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesStress is defined as â€Å"any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and thereby tax one’s coping abilities† (Weiten Lloyd, 2006, p. 72). Stress is a natural event that exists lit erally in all areas of one’s life. It can be embedded in the environment, culture, or perception of an event or idea. Stress is a constant burden, and can be detrimental to one’s physical and mental health. However stress can also provide beneficial effects; it can satisfy one’s need forRead MoreThe Transactional Model Of Stress And Coping786 Words   |  4 Pagespsychological well-being and requiring action to restore balance (Lazarus Cohen, 1977). Beginning in the 1960s and 1970s, stress was considered to be a transactional phenomenon dependant on the meaning of the stimulus to the perceiver (Lazarus, 1966; Antonovsky, 1979). Core Assumptions and Statements The Transactional Model of Stress and Coping is a framework for evaluating the processes of coping with stressful events. Stressful experiences are construed as person-environment transactions. These transactionsRead MoreCoping Strategies, Coping Inventory, Self Regulation And Resilience819 Words   |  4 Pages Coping Strategies, Coping Inventory, Self-Regulation and Resilience in Regards to Anxiety or Stress on an Athletic Trainer What is stress? Hans Selye was the one who coined the word â€Å"stress†. 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But signs that stress has gone tooRead MoreLack Of Support From Nurses1656 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper, the author will identify a significant stressful situation, provide support how this situation was stressful, elaborate using Lazarus and Folkman’s theory of stress, describe social support as a stress mediator, clarify how social support can lessen the stress experienced by the author, and how to apply the stress mediator in professional and personal life. The author is a new graduate nurse. She has no experience working in a healthcare setting except for the clinical rotations sheRead MoreDifferent Types Of Personality Behavior1375 Words   |  6 Pagesneeded are traits of people who can cope effectively. These people use their skills and strengths to cope. Non-copers do not have these traits therefore they do not have access to natural or learnt coping abilities needed to cope effectively so they tend to turn to other sometimes faulty coping strategies and mechanisms (‘What Is Resilience? (And Why It Matters)’, n.d.). Personality types can be used to explain why some people cope while others do not. Two types of personality behaviour were described

Voltaire and Rabelais Free Essays

string(60) " and thus evil then it is good by nature because it exists\." Voltaire and Rabelais satirize war and religion in their works. Voltaire goes after religious hypocrisy in chapter three of Candide. An orator asks Candide whether or not he supports â€Å"the good cause†. We will write a custom essay sample on Voltaire and Rabelais or any similar topic only for you Order Now Candide, being a man of reason, responds by saying â€Å"there is no effect without a cause†. The orator, feeling challenged by Candide’s reaction challenges him right back by asking Candide if he believes the Pope to be the Anti-Christ. Candide doesn’t know and changes the subject bringing up the fact that he’s hungry. The orator declares that Candide does not deserve to at because of his lack of affirmation toward believing in the Anti-Christ. The orator’s wife suddenly enters the scene and sees Candide as one who does not believe that the Pope was Anti-Christ. She proceeds to pour trash on his head. This is an example of Voltaire Jabbing at Protestants and Catholics of the world. He is explaining his views, through the use of satire, on religion. War is an evil that is satirized in Candide. Voltaire as a foundation for his war satire uses the Bulgarians. Voltaire explains on page 13 how the Bulgarians seized Candide and then gave him the option to be â€Å"thrashed thirty-six times by the whole egiment, or receive twelve lead bullets at once in his brain. † Candide decides to run the gauntlet but comes up about 34 short. He pleads that the Judges would Just smash his head instead. Voltaire shows more war satire on page 14 in Candide when the Bulgarians’ burn down the Abarian village â€Å"in accordance with the rules of international law†. Voltaire satirizes war in another sense. He goes on in chapter three by writing about the atrocities that the Bulgarian soldiers would indulge in. Not only did they kill people but they also raped, disemboweled, and dismembered innocent women and children. As a matter of fact, Candide’s was trained as a soldier by being abused and pummeled. Voltaire uses this to show his hatred toward the cruel and vulgar acts of war and which such belligerent groups like the Bulgarian soldiers demonstrated. Voltaire believed these acts of injustice to be morally wrong. Voltaire in this section of Candide is now showing his true thoughts towards Leibniz’s theory of optimism. Leibniz believes that if this is â€Å"the best of all possible worlds† then innocent women and children would not be slaughtered and dehumanized and there would be no bloodthirsty Bulgarians. Rabelais rejects all types of war. On page 299 Grandgousier explains his thoughts to Picrochole about going to war: â€Å"†¦ l shall nevertheless go to war before trying all the arts and ways of peace. Of that I am resolved†. This shows Rabelais’ opposition to war. Rabelais also mentions Pangrue’s absurd Justification of the killing of 660 knights on pages 124-125 of Gargantua and Pantagruel. Pangurge says to them: â€Å"Gentlemen, I believe you have brought some harm on yourselves. We are sorry, but it was none of our doing: it was because of the lubricity of the sea-water – sea-water is always a lubricant and we entrust ourselves to your good pleasure. † This example of satire lso shows Rabelais’ opposition to war. In canto XVII in lines 92 and 93 ot Dante’s Purgatorio Dante’s guide Virgil explains to Dante the two types of love (natural and mind directed) and the differences between them. He goes on to explain to Dante that some people choose to love the wrong thing or sin by loving something too much or something not enough. Virgil’s main point of his speech is that love is the inspiration to people’s action. Love is the only thing that motivates people. Love and Justice are basically one in the same. According to Dante, God created the Justice system (the system we see throughout Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven) based out of love. And because love inspires Justice, love and goodness are practically synonymous. It is safe now to connect this Justice to the gift God gives to man. In Paradiso Dante explains on page 43 in canto V on lines 20-30 â€Å"God’s greatest gift†. Lines 20-22 specifically give the reader Dante’s interpretation of God’s grace: â€Å"God’s greatest gift, the gift in which mankind is most like Him, the gift by Him most prized, is the freedom He bestowed upon the will. † Goodness comes from free will according to Dante. On line 27 Dante goes on to remind readers that â€Å"God ives his consent when [one] consents. † It is in this sense that we must realize that evil exists in this world even though God is good. Voltaire, a very skeptical man, believed that people did not get what they deserved. He makes it clear through his satire that he was against Leibniz’s idea of life being the best of both worlds. Voltaire says that evil is random. It comes at random moments Just as the 1746 and 1755 earthquakes in Lima, Peru and Lisbon, Portugal did. There was an imbalance of Justice at this time because Jews were assumed to be the cause for this natural disaster and then publically killed for their wrongdoings. People believed that the disaster happened because God was angry. However Voltaire’s point is proven when the second earthquake strikes. He is proving that things Just have the ability to sporadically happen. Three deists influenced Voltaire John Locke, David Hume, and Immanuel Kant. Their theories encouraged Voltaire to understand that there is no balance of Justice. To explain his point Voltaire creates the character: Dr. Pangloss – a wholehearted believer of Leibniz’s philosophy. Voltaire discreetly states Leibniz’s idea early on Candide by stating on page 16, â€Å"Dr. Pangloss was right in telling me that all is for the best in this world†¦ . To contrast Pangloss, Voltaire creates Martin, a more practical thinker to point out the flaws of Leibniz’s philosophy. St. Augustine understands that solved his problem of evil by believing that there was a lack of goodness in something. He explains that if something is corruptible and thus evil then it is good by nature because it exists. You read "Voltaire and Rabelais" in category "Papers" If something can be tarnished by means of evil or by vices it’s because there is goodness that can be taken away from it. Basically saying that everything is good because it is corruptible St. Augustine explains himself on the bottom of page 127 of his Confessions: â€Å"And I made an effort o understand what I had heard, that free will is the cause of our doing evil†¦ 3) Quote A is taken from Act l, Scene Ill, lines 201-207 of Shakespeare’s King Hamlet IV. In this section we see another classic ABA rhyme scheme. Hotspur, a very valiant soldier, is worried about his honor. He is demonstrating his concern for his honor by ranting on about his excitement to take down King Henry. Hotspur’s in itiative is so strong that he claims, on line 202, that it would not be difficult for him get honor from â€Å"the pale-taced moon†. This is Shakespeare’s way ot saying that Hotspur could get light from the sun, or â€Å"the pale-faced moon†. Shakespeare continues in this passage with a clothing metaphor in lines 206-209. Hotspur is saying that his honor would show the same way clothes show on people. These lines show that he’s not only ready for battle but also that he has a very tangible idea of honor. Honor, according to Falstaff is useless because it means nothing if you’re dead. Fallstaffs view of honor clearly undercuts Hotspur’s. Falstaff sees honor in a different sense. He sees it as something that is useless. This is an important quote that relates to the larger work because it shows an aspect that is seen throughout the story: honor. Honor, as we earn throughout King Henry ‘V, is perceived in a different sense in the end of the book. It goes from a goal to be achieved with direction to something that is more personable and to be reached to a more personal idea to treasure. Quote B is from Chapter 20 of Candide. On page 68 Martin is explaining how corrupt the world can be. Candide does not believe Martin when he says that he is indeed a Manichaean. This quote puts into perspective Voltaire’s idea of the world and how he believed it to be a cruel place. This quote relates to the larger work because it reinforces what Voltaire is attempting to get across to the reader. The corrupt families who seek to destroy others and acquire power through it are examples of an evil that comes from his belief that bad things can still happen even in a world where there is goodness. Quote C is from Dante’s Paradiso on page 134, Canto XIII, line 130-135. In this passage we see Dante using his standard ABA rhyme scheme. St. Thomas of Aquinas is giving Dante advice. He is warning is warning Dante not to Judge too soon because things could change and go the opposite way. He explains this through two metaphors. He explains how a bush has the capability to lose all of its leaves but hen eventually blossom to a beautiful rose when the springtime comes around. By these two examples St. Thomas means that a change can pop up out of nowhere. He explains his point in another fashion on this in the third stanza of this passage in lines 133-135. These lines explain that St. Thomas has seen a strong ship sail and eventually sink Just as it was about to set anchor at its port. Quote D is a portion of Rabelais’ Gargantul and Pantagruel on page 229 of chapter six. Gargantua crying is being described here. It is explained that if he were to start crying out of annoyance then he would drink all of his tears and use them to bring im back to his original condition. Quote E is a passage from Shakespeare’s Hamlet. In this quote Ophelia is commenting on how she misses when Hamlet’s mind was noble. She’s beginning to realize now that Hamlet is going mad. She claims that he wouldVe been considered noble and possibly a King if he had not gone so mad when she says: â€Å"Th’ expectancy and rose of the fair state† on line 166. She goes on to note that he used to be idolized by all. She explains this by saying on line 167 that he was â€Å"The glass of fashion and the mold of form†. â€Å"The glass of fashion† is Shakespeare using a metaphor for saying that he was respected by all. When she says, â€Å"the observers quite, quite down! † she is commenting that the observers of Hamlet no longer think of him the same way they used to. This passage is basically Ophelia realizing that Hamlet is changing and she cannot believe it. This quote relates to the larger work, Hamlet because it sums up basically the thoughts ot the rest ot the kingdom. Ophelia speaks tor everyone else when she says notes that Hamlet’s behavior has drastically changed. As the story goes on it changes even more and more as we learn how complex of a character Hamlet is. Quote F is taken from page 43 of Beowulf, specifically lines 2529-2531. This assage follows the speech that Beowulf gives his warriors. Beowulf, who is getting old and worn down, explains to his men the importance of this battle. He salutes his men then explains that he will not give up no matter what. The brave warrior that this passage describes is indeed Beowulf. The poet is emphasizing the fact that he is indeed the bravest of all warriors the Danes have ever seen. The poet hopes to get the reader to comprehend the amount of courage he has for standing up to the dragon to defend his honor and his community. This quote relates to the larger work because it clearly shows the Beowulf’s heroic qualities. It also relates to the larger work because it shows a Germanic value. Beowulf is showing that he’s not afraid of death. Quote G is a passage from Part IV, lines 2025-2030 of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The narrator is explaining the gear that Gawain is putting on as he gets ready for his rendezvous with the Green Knight. The poet is using alliteration to give better detail of the attire Gawain is donning. The letter R is used significantly on line 2025, the letter C on line 2026, the letter S on line 2027, the letter W on line 2029, and both letters L and G are used simultaneously in line 2030. The poet aims to grasp the eaders attention at the beauty of his battle outfit. However the last line of this passage is most important: Yet he left not his love-gift, the ladys girdle. The hosts’s wife promises to Gawain that this magic girdle save from one from death. This quote relates to the larger work because this girdle ends up being a major symbol of the book. The girdle is a way to show that Gawain is weak for using it as a way of cheating to survive against the Green Knight. Quote H is from Act Ill Scene II of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. In this scene Hamlet makes it clear to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern that he is not tricked by their phony riendship. In Hamlet’s speech from lines 393-402 Shakespeare uses a play on words with a musical metaphor. Pluck, an action used to play a string instrument, is said on line 395. Hamlet is accusing his friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern of playing him. The same way a musician would pluck (play) a string instrument. Another music reference Shakespeare makes is found on lines 396-397. The lines read: â€Å"†¦ you would sound me from my lowest note my compass†¦ † A note is basically a note or pitch that is made from an instrument. Here Hamlet is saying that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern bring him up and down yet he is not fazed by it. How to cite Voltaire and Rabelais, Papers

Legal Research Memorandum Criminal Harassment

Question: Discuss about theLegal Research Memorandum for Criminal Harassment. Answer: TO: Shania Sanders FROM: David Black DATE: December 03, 2016 FILE NO: 15-842 RE: Criminal harassment of Shania Sanders by her neighbor Mark Mudler Stalking is considered as criminal harassment, and includes behavior in the form of repeatedly following someone, or communication with, and even watching over the other persons dwelling home. This behavior is against the laws in Canada. Stalking is considered as predatory in nature as the victim is plunged into a world of terror, as well as, fear (Canadian Resource Centre for Victims of Crime, 2016). Through this memorandum, the case of Shania has been analyzed, to determine the strength of her case against Mark Mudler. This has been done by carrying out an analysis of her case, along with the applicable statute and relevant case. Facts of the Case In the given case, Shania has, on various instances, caught Mark looking at her kitchen window from his back window through binoculars. Upon confrontation, he has always stated that he was indulged in bird watching. Moreover, he has passed lewd comments to Shania. Recently, instead of the binoculars, Mark had started watching Shania through a drone, and still stated that he was bird watching. And after this confrontation, he watched Shania from a vantage point. The latest incident crossed all limits as Mark invited his friends to watch over his backyard. And instead of watching, the passed comments whenever Shania was outside. Due to this, Shania fear to go out on her own property. Issues Whether Shania has any legal right to sue Mark for his behavior? Rule Stalking form of criminal harassment is treated as an offence under the Canadian Law (Manitoba, 2016). And it is punishable by indictment or summary conviction. A maximum penalty of ten years in the prison is awarded for this offence. Criminal Code through Section 264 contains the provisions regarding this form of criminal harassment (Department of Justice, 2016). Section 264 (1) states that a person is not allowed to engaged in the conduct referred in subsection 2 of this section, without the lawful authority and knowing that the other person is harassed or recklessly as to whether such other person is harassed, which results in the other person in reasonable circumstances to fear for their safety, or for the safety of someone who is known to them (Department of Justice, 2016). The prohibited conduct is mentioned in subsection 2. Among the other prohibited conduct, this section includes watching or besetting of the dwelling-house or any such place where another person, or a person known to them, lives, carries or business, works, or is present. Subsection 3 covers the punishment for contravention of this section, in the form of summary conviction, or imprisonment up to ten years being an indictable offence (Government of Canada, 2012). There are various case laws in which criminal harassment has been established, and the guilty have been punished. One of the famous cases in this regard includes the case of R. v. Sillipp [1997] ABCA 346. In this case, Erwin Franz Sillipp stalked Ms Ferland at various instances. As a result of this criminal harassment, various restraining orders were issued against Sillipp. On the breach of these orders, and on finding Sillipp guilty on two counts of criminal harassment under the quoted section, he was sentenced to 30 months incarceration (Canadian Legal Information Institute, 2016). In another case of Dunnett v The Queen [2000], Harry Dunnett was held to be in breach of this section. This was because his daughter and wife feared for their lives, especially the emotional health of the daughter (Canadian Legal Information Institute, 2016). In the matter of R. v. Ryback (1996), the appellant was involved in stalking of the victim, i.e. the plaintiff, outside her workplace, and her home. The judge held that the plaintiff had reasonably feared for her safety due to the behavior of the defendant. And accordingly, the defendant was held guilty of contravention of section 264 of the Criminal Code (Canadian Legal Information Institute, 2016). In the case of R. v. Kordrostami [2000] 47 O.R. (3d) 788, the judges considered that in order for a breach of this section, certain elements had to be established. These elements included harassment, knowledge or recklessness, fear for safety, and reasonableness of fear. In this case also, the accused was convicted of breach of section 264 and was awarded 18 months as suspended sentence (Canadian Legal Information Institute, 2016). As stated in the quoted section, watching the dwelling house also amounts to criminal harassment. And this was evident in the case where David Holroyd was found guilty of criminal harassment, and was sentenced. Upon breaching his bail conditions, he was put on probation for three years, and was also ordered to keep a distance of 1000 meters from the victim. Holroyd used to constantly look out of his window at the victim, and he even tried to video film her. Due to this, the victim could not enjoy her right to the property and feared to return home. Along with the punishment, Holroyd was also prohibited from possession telescopes and binoculars (Eagle, 2013). One of the recent cases of neighbors involved in such criminal harassment includes the case of R. v. Amos [2014] YKTC 61, where the defendant was found guilty of criminal harassment stated under section 264, as he knowingly harassed the victim and even passed lewd comments. And to give this verdict, the judge had made reference to the case of R. v. Sillipp (Canadian Legal Information Institute, 2014). Application Applying the provisions of the Criminal Code section 264 to the present case, it is clear that Mark was in violation of this section. This is because he was involved in the prohibited conduct of watching a persons dwelling house, where Shania lived, and where he had no lawful authority to do so. Moreover, he knew that Shania was being harassed by him, as she had repeatedly complained to him. Furthermore, Shania also feared for her safety and could not go out on her own property. Applying the verdict of R. v. Sillipp case, Mark should be awarded punishment in terms of a sentence. Moreover, Dunnett v The Queen, R. v. Amos, and R. v. Ryback cases provide that this section is breached when the victim fears for his/her safety. In this case, Shania feared for her safety and this is why could not even go outside on her own property. Also, as was done in the case of Holroyd, Mark should also be prohibited from using binoculars and the drone. Due to Marks behavior, Shania could not even enjoy her right to the property and feared going outside. To further establish that Mark was guilty, the elements provided in the case of R. v. Kordrostami should be applied. Here, the harassment was clearly present; Mark had clear knowledge about this as Shania had complained to him repeatedly; there was a fear for safety for Shania; and lastly, there was reasonableness in this fear. This reasonableness is evident from Mark inviting his friends to get involved in such behavior along with him. So, the fear of Shania was reasonable as the actions of Mark were escalating. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is clear that Mark was involved in criminal harassment in form of Stalking. His actions have resulted in fear for safety for Shania and the right to enjoy her own property. As a result of this, Shania does have the legal right to sue Mark for his behavior. She can initiate actions against Mark for the breach of section 264 of the criminal Code, upon which the court would award appropriate punishment to mark, as was done in the quoted case laws. References Canadian Legal Information Institute. (2014). R. v. Amos, 2014 YKTC 61 (CanLII). Retrieved from: https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/yktc/doc/2014/2014yktc61/2014yktc61.html?searchUrlHash=AAAAAQANUi4gdi4gU2lsbGlwcAAAAAABresultIndex=3 Canadian Legal Information Institute. (2016). Dunnett v. The Queen, 2000 CanLII 10275 (NB CA). Retrieved from: https://www.canlii.org/en/nb/nbca/doc/2000/2000canlii10275/2000canlii10275.html?searchUrlHash=AAAAAQAGU2lsbGlwAAAAAAEresultIndex=4 Canadian Legal Information Institute. (2016). R. v. Kordrostami, 2000 CanLII 5670 (ON CA). Retrieved from: https://www.canlii.org/en/on/onca/doc/2000/2000canlii5670/2000canlii5670.html?searchUrlHash=AAAAAQAGU2lsbGlwAAAAAAEresultIndex=1 Canadian Legal Information Institute. (2016). R. v. Ryback, 1996 CanLII 1833 (BC CA). Retrieved from: https://www.canlii.org/en/bc/bcca/doc/1996/1996canlii1833/1996canlii1833.html Canadian Legal Information Institute. (2016). R. v. Sillipp, 1997 ABCA 346 (CanLII). Retrieved from: https://www.canlii.org/en/ab/abca/doc/1997/1997abca346/1997abca346.html Canadian Resource Centre for Victims of Crime. (2016). Criminal Harassment. Retrieved from: https://www.crcvc.ca/docs/crimharass.pdf Department of Justice. (2016). A Handbook for Police and Crown Prosecutors on Criminal Harassment. Retrieved from: https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-jp/fv-vf/har/part1.html#footnote39 Eagle, G. (2013). Stalker banned from home for spying on neighbor. Retrieved from: https://www.torontosun.com/2013/03/06/stalker-banned-from-home-for-spying-on-neighbour Government of Canada. (2012). Criminal harassment. Retrieved from: https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/section-264.html Manitoba. (2016). Stalking is a crime. Retrieved from: https://www.gov.mb.ca/justice/domestic/pdf/stalkingweb.pdf