Article 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Article 5 - Essay Example ings have been good, â€Å"restructuring changes† excuse is used to hide some of the earnings and when it is bad, they tap into the reserves to cover the tracks of a bad financial quarter. The tampering is a form of accounting ruse that is done in such a clever and legal way that noticing the difference in economic performance is hard. According to the study, this fiddling is called searing due to the carefulness it’s accorded and the difficulty in detecting it. Guerrera in this article provides several tips to the investors (who are the majority victims of this accounts searing by CFOs) on how to detect that something is amiss in the company’s financial reports. He however warns them that it may not be as easy as put in the article and the major key is in the financial talk by the CFOs during the presentation. Some of the tips provided include: observing carefully the cash flow against the earnings, when the cash flow deteriorates but the earnings is high, there is a cause of alarm. The other is examination the company’s earnings records and any deviations that may have occurred from those recorded should also raise an alarm among the

Homr Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homr Work - Essay Example where an independent contractor meets the requirements set by IRS for an employee, the company can be required to make a number of costly interventions. Firstly, according to the provisions of Fair Labor Standards Act, the employer may be required to pay wages to the workers; this may include all the employee benefits such as overtime payments, health insurance and retirement benefits among others. Secondly, the company may be required to pay all the penalties and taxes for unemployment, employees’ income taxes, social security, and Medicare to both the federal and the state governments. Thirdly, the employer is required to meet all the necessary compensations that are misclassified for any employee that is injured in the course of work. In view of these consequences, the employer should state clearly whether the workers are employees or independent contractors as well defined by the IRS Publication 937. As an advisor to Friendly Cab Company, the level of control against the workers out rightly makes them be considered as employees. The company seems to have full control over the workers, an aspect that should not be the case as provided by IRS. The workers should be allowed to choose their dress code, they should have the freewill to place advertisements, they should have the freedom to contact customers directly through their cell phones, and they should be allowed the entrepreneurial freedom such as employing others. These restrictions makes the drivers to be independent from the employer as it is should be the case for independent contractors. In addition to these, training for the workers should be guided by the principles of the business and not the needs of employer. This too adds to the level of control that the employer has upon the drivers. If this level of control is eliminated, then the drivers would operate as independent contractors. The company is obliged to change the following in order to ensure that its workers are fully considered as

Reflecting On The Importance Of Oral Hygiene Nursing Essay

Reflecting On The Importance Of Oral Hygiene Nursing Essay The care of a patients mouth forms an important component of assisting hygiene needs and yet is an aspect of practice which is not always afforded the attention it fully deserves. It is also a role which too often delegated to health care assistants. Research shows that, in the United States, nosocomial pneumonia ranks second in morbidity and first in mortality among nosocomial infections. The treatment of nosocomial pneumonia adds 5 to 7 days to the hospital stay of surviving patients and billions of dollars to healthcare costs. REFLECTION There are different models of reflection one of which is Gibbs (1988). Reflection is the process of reviewing an experience in order to describe, analyses, evaluate and so inform learning about practice (Reid1993). I will use this reflection model in guiding me because it has helped focusing on different aspects of an experience, and exploiting their full potential for learning will be more appreciated. Reflection in professional practice, however, gives back not what it is, but what might be, an improvement on the original (Moon 1999). Description As part of placement simulation, I was part of a group introduced to oral hygiene care. It is one of the core requirements in maintaining the hygiene needs of a patient. When we were told to bring in a towel and tooth brush, I was taken aback as to what was the need for them? I went to the multi-skills laboratory not knowing what will befall me. My lecturer introduced us to a range of chemicals for oral hygiene. I had used some before but on this occasion, there was one I had not tried and used before. I was assigned a colleague to have the opportunity of experiencing the giving and receiving of oral hygiene by cleaning his teeth with toothbrush and pepsodent and vice versa.We performed as instructed. Feelings Upon commencement of activity, my views of healthy oral care were not very clear to me. Generally I perceived cleaning your teeth as being much like washing a face. I felt very embarrassed and inadequate and consequently, felt very uncomfortable as I have not done this to anyone outside of my family. On his part, it was obvious from his reaction that he had no confidence in me, thinking I was going to brush his teeth hard. It highlighted the complex problems I have to solve in practice and the provision of care needs to patients for whom I may not have had contact with before. I thought my pride and dignity had been taken away from me but later felt comfortable having understood what it was generally. Critical Analysis Helping patients/service users to meet their hygiene needs is a fundamental component of nursing care. Again, helping patients to meet their personal hygiene needs provides any nurse with an ideal opportunity to undertake a thorough physical, emotional and cognitive assessment of the patient. Although it seemed difficult at the beginning, by the time we performed on each other for the third time with encouragement we had developed a good working relationship. Encouraging students to acknowledge their intuitive capacity helps them to appreciate their strengths and weaknesses (SWOT). Jasper (2003) regards SWOT analysis as getting to know yourself. The understanding of our skills and abilities and the awareness of where our limits lie is seen as crucial to being able to act as a professional practitioner. After identifying and analyzing of my own strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, I showed no more discomfort and shown more interest in the activity as our lecturer continued talked us through. Jackson and Mannix (2001) note that amount of interest the nurse shows in the learning needs of the student and the key role he or she plays in their achievement are essential to the students development. It is strange that sometimes you do things or know what things are without ever really stopping and analysing it. Most students and many professionals note that learning acquired from placement experience is much more meaningful and relevant than that acquired in the lecture room (Quinn 2000). Boud et al 1985 argue: it is common for reflection to be treated as if it were an intellectual exercise a simple matter of thinking rigorously. However, reflection is not solely a cognitive process; emotions are central to all learning. Conclusion Caring for a patient requires a relationship and empathy. By developing collaborative relationship with patients, I can provide prompt and focused interventions which can limit illness. Action Plan My aim is to be proactive in the future by promptly opening up. I aim to develop the skill of emotional resilience to be able to deliver and receive any care. Conclusion Like many others on the group, I thought that students were there through choice, they wanted to learn. As a result of this I expected the group to be mature and behaved. Due to my lack of experience in care and the job title of student nurse, I perceived that most sessions would run in a lecture format. This was probably a very naive move on my part, however following my first two sessions, I realised that if I was to be a successful student nurse, I had to adapt my approach. I needed to focus more upon my involvement and participation, getting the group involved in sessions would help to improve my learning process. However as I develop my nursing skills and also my ability to reflect, I have begun to realise that the process of reflection is more complex than Gibbs (1988) suggests. Whilst Gibbs highlights key areas of the process, I feel that reflection is not as cyclical as this model implies. As my reflective skills develop, I am finding myself jumping some stages of the cycle, revisiting others and in some instances digressing in different directions. I feel that this represents my views of reflection as I have a start point (the experience) and an end point (the outcomes/actions), but how I get there is down to my trail of thought. Whilst at this stage of my development I would not class myself as a successful, I believe I am working to develop the skills required to be successful.

Bell Hooks A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change

Bell Hooks' "A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change" â€Å"Be not conformed to this world but be ye transformed by the renewal of your minds.† Romans 12:2. Bell Hooks quotes the bible to explain to her audience that people don’t always have to follow societies perceived notions concerning racism; instead they should think for themselves and construct their own opinions about what is right. Bell Hooks’ essay, â€Å"A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change,† speaks about the integrated public school system and it’s effect on society of the later 1950’s and 1960’s. Generally speaking towards African Americans and whites alike, the author apprehensively talks about how she plans on attending her first ever high school reunion. She recounts the friendship that she and a white male had formed during her high school years and how it was deemed unacceptable at the time because she was an African American female. Bell Hooks goes on to in her essay to remember her feelings as an African American in a society that she thought needed a social change to end all racism. She wanted society to move from a segregated culture to cultural diversification. Bell Hooks’ essay is successful because of her strong use of many different sources of expert support, as well as her influential uses of both pathos and ethos to maintain her argument to end racism. During the time period this essay was written, Dr. Martin Luther King was the one of the most recognizable and influential advocates for civil rights and racial justice. He still holds this title today for many. In Bell Hooks’ essay, she uses King’s works to further prove not only her own belief on ending racism, but Dr. King’s same view as well. Hooks says q... ...She uses examples from not only her own life experiences, but from other’s as well. In doing so, she creates an emotional connection between herself and the reader, making it easier for the reader to understand the author’s purpose and argument. Hooks’ use of ethos shows her universal interest in the common good of humanity. By using this method, the audience is more susceptible to understanding her argument. If the reader feels the author is concerned for their well being, it is more likely that the reader will again, agree with the author’s argument. The techniques Hooks’ has used portray her argument and essay as successful. The audience is able to relate and understand the purpose more easily. The entire essay has a positive tone about changing the world to better it, all the while having a strong negative tone denouncing any need for discrimination and racism. Bell Hooks' A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change Bell Hooks' "A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change" â€Å"Be not conformed to this world but be ye transformed by the renewal of your minds.† Romans 12:2. Bell Hooks quotes the bible to explain to her audience that people don’t always have to follow societies perceived notions concerning racism; instead they should think for themselves and construct their own opinions about what is right. Bell Hooks’ essay, â€Å"A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change,† speaks about the integrated public school system and it’s effect on society of the later 1950’s and 1960’s. Generally speaking towards African Americans and whites alike, the author apprehensively talks about how she plans on attending her first ever high school reunion. She recounts the friendship that she and a white male had formed during her high school years and how it was deemed unacceptable at the time because she was an African American female. Bell Hooks goes on to in her essay to remember her feelings as an African American in a society that she thought needed a social change to end all racism. She wanted society to move from a segregated culture to cultural diversification. Bell Hooks’ essay is successful because of her strong use of many different sources of expert support, as well as her influential uses of both pathos and ethos to maintain her argument to end racism. During the time period this essay was written, Dr. Martin Luther King was the one of the most recognizable and influential advocates for civil rights and racial justice. He still holds this title today for many. In Bell Hooks’ essay, she uses King’s works to further prove not only her own belief on ending racism, but Dr. King’s same view as well. Hooks says q... ...She uses examples from not only her own life experiences, but from other’s as well. In doing so, she creates an emotional connection between herself and the reader, making it easier for the reader to understand the author’s purpose and argument. Hooks’ use of ethos shows her universal interest in the common good of humanity. By using this method, the audience is more susceptible to understanding her argument. If the reader feels the author is concerned for their well being, it is more likely that the reader will again, agree with the author’s argument. The techniques Hooks’ has used portray her argument and essay as successful. The audience is able to relate and understand the purpose more easily. The entire essay has a positive tone about changing the world to better it, all the while having a strong negative tone denouncing any need for discrimination and racism.

Lovely Bones

The Grieving Process of Abigail The Lovely Bones is written by Alice SeBold and is about a young girl named Susie who was brutally murdered by her next door neighbor, Mr. Harvey. No one suspected Mr. Harvey in the beginning, but with Susie’s help from the beyond, he became the lead suspect. Susie began to send clues to her family from heaven, but the problem was that only her father, brother and sister could connect with her and feel her presence. This problem expanded quickly and because of it, tore the family apart. Abigail, Susie’s mother, became the one torn from the family. Abigail dealt with Susie’s death differently than everyone else in the Salmon family. Abigail’s grieving process was slower than everyone else’s grieving process. Abigail becomes the antagonist in the novel and becomes the one character that can’t face Susie’s death. When the Salmon family first finds out that Susie is indeed dead, Abigail responds by being depressed, she is sad and shocked by the fact that her oldest child and first daughter is actually gone and will never be coming back, and much like the rest of the Salmon family, she demands answers on who, why and how her daughter, Susie was murdered. My mother sat on a hard chair by the front door with her mouth open. Her pale face paler than I had ever seen it. Her blue eyes staring† (Sebold 11). Abigail can’t believe that Susie is gone. Things like this don’t happen to a family like hers. She doesn’t know what to do or say at this moment. Abigail remains depressed throughout certain points in the novel. â€Å"You look invincible† (Sebold 211). Abigail wishes that she could be as strong as Lindsey. Abigail calls her invincible because she wishes that she could be as strong and able to care for the family and deal with Susie’s death like Lindsey. â€Å"Nothing is ever certain† (Sebold 20). Jack was the one who gave Abigail this idea, but she clings on to this saying as if somewhere out there, Susie is alive, despite the recent evidence. Abigail goes through the denial stage of grief and puts her defenses up to protect herself from the truth. â€Å"How can you be sure he killed these other girls† (Sebold 291). It seems as if Abigail was trying to defend Mr. Harvey. She doesn’t want to hear about Susie’s case anymore and she’s not interested in who killed her daughter, she just wants to be able to move on with her life. Abigail goes through the grief stages of anger and bargaining. Abigail becomes frustrated with her family and their pursuit of Susie’s killer. Abigail then begins to bargain with the one man that could solve the mystery that surrounds the death of Susie. â€Å"I don’t know what to say†¦we have a family, a family and a son and I’m going† (Sebold 185). Abigail is pushed to her limit and she’s done with her family’s foolishness. She wants to move on but her family and Susie are holding her back. â€Å"How can I be expected to be trapped by a man frozen in time† (Sebold 276). Abigail doesn’t want to be with a person who’s still dwelling on their daughter’s murder and not moving on. â€Å"I just want it to be spoken out loud by somebody. To have it said aloud. I’m ready, I wasn’t before† Abigail is looking for comfort from someone who isn’t dwelling on the past. Len provides her this comfort but really she’s just burying her feelings towards Susie deep inside. Abigail doesn’t fully accept the fact that Susie is dead and gone and will no longer return. She pushes her family away and takes herself away from the situation by moving to California to begin a new life. She becomes estranged from her family and her family becomes estranged from her. Although deep inside Abigail misses her daughter Susie, she will never be able to accept her death fully because she goes through too much of the denial and bargaining stages of grief. Abigail isn’t in touch with her emotions, like her husband Jack is, and she acts out in a destructive way which damages her relationship between her and her family. Works Cited Sebold, Alice. The Lovely Bones. Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 2002. Print. Dombeck, Mark, and Kathryn Patricelli. â€Å"Introduction to Grief and Bereavement Issues. † _Introduction to Grief and Bereavement Issues_. Print. Ross, Elisabeth Kubler. â€Å"Five Stages of Grief. † Death & Dying. Print.

Primitive Art Essay

The class discussions of primitive art by Franz Boas and the readings that we as a class have done was about an the artistic values of primitive people on how they do different art, baskets, rugs, totem poles , sculptures and other works of art that are primitive. The materials took symmetrical designs to its finest point and the work was done with a high degree of human equilibrium. Arts of primitive people have a close relationship between morals and sufficiency of artistic development. The California Indians produce and practice these examples of form and texture. The women are the most artistic and creative among the California Indians while the men have skills with wood work. The Pueblo Indians of southern United States have villages that have the most intricate works of artistic designs on their potteries. The women in these villages are the most productive artists among the Pueblos. The men in these villages are devoted mostly to ceremonies and don’t really have knowledge in artistic expressions. In some households, slovenly work are hard to find in there works of art. The control and technique are expressively correlated in rawhide boxes that are made and practiced by the Sauk and Fox Indians of Oklahoma. The raw hide boxes have perfect symmetrical designs and folded in places to make works of art precise. Other examples are the leggings made by natives of British Columbia which bears decorations and unit. The fringes have long pieces of curried skin cut in narrow strips and decorated in rhythmic order. Other cases are twilled weavings which have excellent form and are perfectly even on the surface. These objects are considered works of art and finished in some ways that their forms have artistic value. Some other characteristics of decorative art have distinctive fields which can also be compared to a pottery. Pouches of American Indians have flaps that are treated as separate units. In moccasins, the upper part form a field separate from the rim and in clothing the sleeves, collars, pockets are considered separate units. These are some examples of art and that the fundamental, esthetic, formal interest is essential. Art in simple form are not really expressive of purposive action therefore they are based upon reaction to form that develop through technique. When art is created, people may recognize and study the impulse and the finished product teaches the conceited efforts to have a major skill in a difficult task. To communicate an idea graphically cannot be claimed as art. The tonal beauty and rhythmic structures of form is works of art. The combination of form and its content gives representative art an emotional value that is entirely different from formal esthetic effect. In primitive, symbolic representation the permanent traits appear the same way and other forms of symbolic representation are also utilized. Representative art could be and generally is an influential technical form, but in many cases it is not easily recognized. The art of primitive people have two components that are eminent in which one is based on form alone and the other is filled with meaning. The significance creates an enhanced esthetic value which takes into account the associative connections of art that is made or the artistic act. The forms are expressive that they must be representative, not necessarily representative of perceptible objects, but more or less theoretical ideas. The tribal arts all over the world have ornaments that appear purely formal and are associated with meanings and stories. Symbolism in art has characteristic and traits that associate with the apex and form of content in primitive art. A general similarity of form exists between the purely conventional and the realistic forms, in which the designs contain realistic images which are geometrical and move aimlessly in zigzag bands. Symbols are put on rugs, baskets, potteries, moccasins, leggings and drums. Symbols have geographical meaning and it relates to the universe as such. Symbols could also tell stories of due process of natives in their livelihoods and cultures. In some cases the symbols have to associate with forms that could be used in rituals and these forms of symbols would be blessed and therefore giving a certain person protection. Indians of North America use straight lines and rectangles that appear in diverse combinations and one of the typical forms is the isosceles triangle with enclosed rectangles. These forms are mostly found on the Great Plains Indians and among the pueblo Indians. The Symmetry, rhythm, and affirmation or attribution of form which doesn’t describe an absolute style, for they underlie all forms of decorative art. Many formal elements are integral parts of every art style and these give it its most specific character. The examples of the polished stone axes, chipped arrow or lance heads, iron spear heads, utensils and anything that has to do with the daily uses of people. These forms we recognize as imaginations of works of art that is done in perfect technique. The differences in style are not the rules, but are more commonly the most highly developed art likely to impose on style of different industries that is associated with the mat weaving and basketry that have been influential in developing new forms and powerful an dignified in other fields. There are different styles with different techniques With Natives from the tip of South America to far edges of North America. Some have pictorial designs, geometrical designs and the pottery paintings have different styles of patterns. The primitive art around the hemisphere could have in common the esthetic pleasures felt by members of society. The works of art maybe diverse in its beauty, yet the general characters of the enjoyment of beauty are forever sound in society. In art we should let our imaginations soar to the point of oblivion and through this we can hear the songs of artistic dances. Admire and take in the beauty of decorative and ornamental art, work, paintings or sculptures of natives across America and around the world. The works of art could be appealed by the different forms of making art through the eyes of a person’s imagination and give them esthetic values. Even a person in the very middle of conflict or poverty could create a work of art that gives esthetic pleasure. To these people the innovations of bountiful nature and inventions has granted them freedom from care and through this they devout much of their energy to the creation of works of beauty. Art can be made from a sense of smell, taste and touch and with every rhythmical movement of the body or objects that appeal to the eyes. The tonal speeches which please the ears can produce artistic effects along with the muscular variations of the body could prove to be art. These are the esthetic values of and artistic mind and Mother Nature also plays a role in works of art.

Take Public Transportation - Save Money, Save The World

Take Public Transportation - Save Money, Save The World If you want to help reduce global warming, air pollution, and your monthly living costs, one of the best things you can do is to get out of your car. By walking or riding a bicycle for short trips, or taking public transportation for longer ones, you will significantly reduce the amount of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions you generate each day. The Rising Environmental Cost of Driving Alone Transportation accounts for more than 30 percent of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions. According to the American Public Transportation Association (APTA), public transportation in the United States saves approximately 1.4 billion gallons of gasoline and about 1.5 million tons of carbon dioxide annually. Yet only 14 million Americans use public transportation daily while 88 percent of all trips in the United States are made by car- and many of those cars carry only one person. Added Benefits of Public Transportation Cutting back on carbon emissions and costs usage isnt the only added benefit of using public transportation. It also helps increase the energy independence of the country overall. Although an increasing amount of our oil is produced in North America, the majority of it still comes from across the pond. Public transportation is also safer, a lot safer, in fact. Riding a bus is 79 times safer than riding in an automobile, and riding a train or subway is even safer. Its also healthier, studies have shown that people who use public transportation regularly tend to be healthier than people who do not, because of the exercise they get walking to and from bus stops, subway stations and their homes and offices. And of course, theres the reduction of costs overall. According to an APTA study, families that use public transportation can reduce their household expenses by $6,200 annually, more than the average U.S. household spends on food every year. The Heart of the Debate Over Public Transportation So why don’t more Americans use public transportation? Transportation experts and social scientists may argue about which came first, America’s attachment to the automobile or the urban and suburban sprawl that makes long daily commutes in at least one and often two cars a requirement for many American families. Either way, the problem at the heart of the debate is that good public transportation systems are not available to enough people. While public transportation is readily available in many major cities, the majority of Americans in smaller cities, towns and rural areas simply do not have access to good public transportation options. So the problem is twofold: People with access to public transportation has to be persuaded to use it more often. Additionally, more affordable public transportation options in smaller communities need to be created for use. Trains, Buses, and Automobiles Train systems are the most efficient in many ways, typically emitting less carbon and using less fuel per passenger than buses, but they are often more expensive to implement. Also, the traditional advantages of trains can be mitigated to a large extent by using hybrids or buses that run on natural gas. Another promising alternative is bus rapid transit (BRT), which runs extra-long buses in dedicated lanes. A 2006 study by the Breakthrough Technologies Institute found that a BRT system in a medium-sized U.S. city could reduce carbon dioxide emissions by more than 650,000 tons during a 20-year period. If you live in an area with good public transportation, do something good for the planet today. Park your car, and take the subway or the bus. If you don’t, then talk to your local and federal elected officials about the benefits of public transportation and how it may help solve some of the problems they’re wrestling with right now.

A Brief History of Plasma Television

A Brief History of Plasma Television The very first prototype for a plasma display monitor was invented in July 1964 at the University of Illinois by professors Donald Bitzer and Gene Slottow, and then graduate student Robert Willson. However, it was not until after the advent of digital and other technologies that successful plasma televisions became possible. According to Wikipedia a plasma display is an emissive flat panel display where light is created by phosphors excited by a plasma discharge between two flat panels of glass. During the early sixties, the University of Illinois used regular televisions as computer monitors for their in-house computer network. Donald Bitzer, Gene Slottow, and Robert Willson (the inventors listed on the plasma display patent) researched plasma displays as an alternative to the cathode ray tube-based televisions sets being used. A cathode-ray display has to constantly refresh, which is okay for video and broadcasts but bad for displaying computer graphics. Donald Bitzer began the project and enlisted the help of Gene Slottow and Robert Willson. By July of 1964, the team had built the first plasma display panel with one single cell. Todays plasma televisions use millions of cells. After 1964, television broadcast companies considered developing plasma television as an alternative to televisions using cathode ray tubes. However, LCD or liquid crystal displays made possible flat screen television that squelched the further commercial development of plasma display. It took many years for plasma televisions to became successful and they finally did due to the efforts of Larry Weber. University of Illinois author Jamie Hutchinson wrote that Larry Webers prototype sixty-inch plasma display, developed for Matsushita and bearing the Panasonic label, combined the size and resolution necessary for HDTV with the addition of thinness.

A Brief on Saakshar Bharat

The programme aims to further promote and strengthen Adult Education, specially of women, by extending educational options to those adults who having lost the opportunity of access to formal education and crossed the standard age for receiving such education, now feel a need for learning of any type, including, literacy, basic education (equivalency to formal education), vocational education (skill development), physical and emotional development, practical arts, applied science, sports, and recreation. Programme Framework of Saakshar Bharat The programme framework as provided in Saakshar Bharat document is as under: Objectives:The Mission has four broad objectives, namely, Impart functional literacy and numeracy to non-literate and non-numerate adults, Enable the neo-literate adults to continue their learning beyond basic literacy and acquire equivalency to formal educational system, Impart non and neo-literates relevant skill development programmes to improve their earning and living conditions, Promote a learning society by providing opportunities to neo-literate adults for continuing education. Targets and Special Focus Areas:The Government has set a National Goal of achieving by 2012, 80 percent literacy rate and reducing gender gap in literacy to 10 percent In addition, minimising regional, social and gender disparities with Special Focus on Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Minorities, disadvantaged groups, adolescents and low literacy States and tribal areas is the other national target. This target has to be achieved through formal schooling of 6-14 year old children and literacy programme of adults. In order to achieve 80% literacy, the principal target of the Mission is to impart functional literacy to 70 million adults in the age group of 15 years and beyond, to reduce gender disparity, 60 million of 70 million will be women. To reduce social disparities, within the overall target, 14 million will be Scheduled Castes (10 million women + 4 million men), 8 million Scheduled Tribes (6 million women + 2 million men) and 12 million minorities (10 million women + 2 million men). An auxiliary target of the Mission is to cover 1.5 million adults under basic education programme and equal number under vocational (skill development) programme. To minimise regional disparities, all districts that had adult female literacy rate of 50% or less as per 2001 Census are being covered under the programme. In addition, Left Wing Extremism Affected districts irrespective of their literacy rate are also eligible under the programme. As 84% of illiterate population lives in the rural areas, the prog ramme is being implemented only in the rural areas of the eligible districts. Whereas, in the urban areas, the demand for residual literacy will be met by innovatively using new actors like Jan Shikshan Sansthans, State Resource Centers, NGOs, social groups and any other institution through Public Private Partnership (PPP) or any other mode. Strategy: Saakshar Bharat will cover all adults in the age group of 15 and beyond though its primary focus will be on women. Basic Literacy, Post literacy and Continuing Education programmes, form a continuum, rather than sequential segments. For the volunteer based mass campaign approach, provision has been made for alternative approaches to adult education. Adult Education Centres (AECs), are to be set up to coordinate and manage all programmes, within their territorial jurisdiction. State Government and Panchyati Raj institutions along with communities would be valued stakeholders. Vigorous monitoring and evaluation systems are to be installed. Last, but not the least, budgetary support has been enhanced substantially. Teaching–Learning Programmes: To respond to the demand for literacy and address the diverse needs of the non and neo-literate adults, an assortment of teaching learning programmes, including Functional Literacy Programme, Basic Education Programme, Vocational Education and Continuing Education Programme are being offered as an integrated continuum. Functional Literacy Programme Programme Objectives:Literacy Programme (LP) aims at achieving the first objective of the scheme, that is, two Impart functional literacy to non-literate adults. Functional literacy, in context of the programme, implies achieving self-reliance in Reading, Writing, Arithmetic (Numeracy) and becoming aware of the causes of one’s deprivation and moving towards amelioration of their condition through organization and participation in the process of development; Acquiring skills to improve the economic status and general well being; Creating an aware and responsible citizenry (Imbibing values of national integration, communal harmony, conservation of the environment, women’s equality, and reproductive behavior etc. ). Literacy Programme Framework:The programme entails identification of non-literates through a survey, area wise mapping of their learning needs and imparting them instructor based teaching of about 300 hours spread over 3 months or beyond, depending on motivation of the learner and local conditions. Successful completion of the 300 hours of instructional learning would enable the learner to read and comprehend unknown text (news paper headings, road signs etc); apply skills of writing in day to day activities like writing applications and letters and filling up of application forms, etc., and compute simple problems involving multiplication and division. A certificate will be issued to every successful learner based on a professional evaluation of learning outcome. This will open up opportunities for further education through Open Learning Systems. Classes are convened at such time and venue as would be suitable to the learners. Volunteer-based Mass Campaign Approach: Under this appro ach, volunteer teaching takes place on a mass scale. A volunteer acts as a mobiliser, trainer and teacher and is responsible for imparting literacy, on an average, to 8-10 learners. The implementing agency at the operational level, will be responsible for identification of the potential learners as well as volunteers, their batching and matching, making arrangements for their training, distribution of literacy kits to learners and volunteers, keeping track of the progress made by each learner-volunteer group, ensuring that the momentum of learning is not lost, while simultaneously ensuring that learning takes place at the pace suitable to the learner. Incentives to the Volunteers and Learners Voluntary Literacy Educators are not paid any remuneration. Since highmotivational level of Voluntary Literacy Educators is critical, they need to be motivated through different means including public recognition, at different levels, of their contribution besides other incentives and rewards. Although budgetary provision has not been made for paying honorarium to Literacy Educators but, State Government, Gram Panchayat or NLMA through any other funding source, including do nations or public private partnership, may consider paying the same to them. Flexi Approach:Though Mass Campaign Approach continues to be the dominant strategy, the scheme discounts a homogenous approach uniformly throughout the country. To ensure that basic literacy is provided through a variety of context specific and group specific approaches. Implementing agencies may adopt any approach/model or a mix of approaches/models, including the illustrative formats outlined below: Centre-based Approach: a. Resident Instructor: In the eventuality of qualified Volunteers not being a resident within a particular village, instructors may be engaged from outside the village or community to live with the community and provide instructional teaching to the learners and assist them in completing basic literacy course. On an average, one Resident Instructor will be required to teach at least 30 learners in a period of one year. The Resident Instructor will be provided an honorarium as per NLMA norms. In this approach the centre will function for about 7-8 hours every day, and individual/groups of learners will attend classes for a couple of hours or more depending on the free time available to them. The instructors will be especially chosen for their sensitivity to issues of gender and caste equality, and their commitment to Constitutional values of democracy and secularism.b. Residential Camps: The residential camps are organized, specially for adolescents and young adults in the age group of 15-25 years, who might have already completed primary education (Standard IV/V) but later relapsed to illiteracy for want of follow up; and those who dropped out of the school system, and are now too old to rejoin school and those altogether excluded from systematic education. Identified young adults and adol escents are being motivated to participate in residential camps, which are organized at a suitable location in the Blocks. c. Part-residential Camp – Part-volunteer-based Approach: Provision has been made in the scheme to cover group-specific learners, such as non-literate members of self-help groups, women’s groups, or members of gram panchayats, or persons who may have joined together in a common cause. There are many such groups in the country today and many of them also function as a forum for credit and savings. It would provide for basic literacy in camps conducted for a suitable period, keeping in view the convenience of the beneficiaries, interspersed with guided learning in volunteer mode. These camps would enable learners to acquire literacy skills of pre-determined levels, simultaneously, providing opportunity for discussion and debate on issues relevant to their living and working conditions. Basic Education Programme Framework: This programme is designed to achieve the second objective of the scheme, namely, â€Å"Enable the neo-literates to continue their learning beyond basic literacy and acquire equivalency to formal educational system†. Arrangements have been made to enable young adults to continue their learning till they are able to achieve equivalence levels with Grade III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII and beyond in the formal school system or through the Open Learning System. The Open Basic Education (OBE) programme initiated by the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) and other State Open Schools have been taken as the starting point. INITIATIVES AND ACHIEVEMENTS (upto March, 2012) Although Saakshar Bharat Programme was launched on 8th September, 2009 but, the programme became operative from 1st October, 2009. The programme initially faced several challenges. It got revived after long hiatus and was as good as a new one. There was no formal implementation structure in the States. It heavily depended on spirit of Voluntarism. The programme envisaged for the first time involvement of Panchayati Raj Institutions at Gram Panchayat, Block and District levels as the implementing agencies. Lot of preparations like environment building, formation of Management Committees at different levels, opening of Bank Accounts of each  implementing agency, authorisation of funds under the ICT based Fund Flow Mechanism, Training/Orientation of Resource Persons and functionaries and Representatives of Panchayati Raj Institutions, Preparation and Distribution of Teaching Learning Materials were required to be done to streamline the functioning of the programme. The following initiatives were taken during the last two and a half years of the functioning of the Saakshar Bharat Programme: Environment Building, M otivation and Mobilisation For environment building and mobilisation, an effective communication strategy was required for creating sustainable demand for literacy, making visible the importance and relevance of literacy and making literacy campaign participatory and voluntary. A strategic communication group was formed under the Chairpersonship of Dr. D. Purandeswari, Minister of State, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. The group approved a comprehensive communication strategy for mobilisation and environment building which entailed a multi media approach.

Seagram building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Seagram building - Essay Example The design of the building was given by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe who came to America from Germany (Whiffen and Koeper, 1984). The mythic ideals of German efficiency and clean cut German design are certainly evident from the way the building is structured yet the overall mix of the faà §ade of the building does not make it stick out like a sore thumb amongst the other buildings which surround it. The design also takes its cues from the American architect Philip Johnson who worked on the building from the time it was started in 1954 to the time it was completed in 1958. The building contains 38 floors and the exterior represents a fine example of post modern architecture that focuses on corporate seriousness and hints of gothic styling (Muschamp, 1999). The initial purpose of the building was to serve as corporate headquarters and the primary offices for Seagram’s & Sons but with time other offices and companies have established their bases in the building as well. While it would be interesting to study how the tenants of the building have changed with time, for our purposes, it is perhaps more important to study the architecture and the art of the building. The building faces Park Avenue over a broad plaza of Vermont granite which is lined by water pools on both sides that have ledges of marble that has been given an antique look (Whiffen and Koeper, 1984). The architecture of the tower itself is based on the steel structure that holds the building together with walls of pink-gray glass that give the building a distinctive look. The second element, which helps in creating the now classic look for the building, come from the bronze that has been used to make the various spandrels and I-beams which are visible on the exterior of the building (Muschamp, 1999). Discussing the building in the context of its surroundings Speyer (1968) says that: â€Å"The inescapable drama of

Marketing (branding) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing (branding) - Essay Example Firstly, branding is an elementary method of strategizing a firms’ position within the market that involves the entire aspects of the firms. Although branding is a task of the marketing department, it cannot be kept restrained to that department alone. Secondly, a brand has to be the carrier of a firm’s value and at the same time the value has to be explained in such terms which can be adapted by the consumers (Randall, G., â€Å"Branding: A Practical Guide to Planning Your Strategy†). Branding as a Business Policy â€Å"Functions, differences, image and source† are considered as the four dimensions of brand that eventually shapes the essence of brands. The brand identification becomes strong as a result of uniformity among the above mentioned dimensions. If it happens that cohesion among the dimensions is not strong and any one dimension among those is sending ambiguous indications to the market, then the essence of the brand gets hampered as the customer s perceive confusing notion about the brand (Randall, G., â€Å"Branding: A Practical Guide to Planning Your Strategy†). Source: (Randall, G., â€Å"Branding: A Practical Guide to Planning Your Strategy†).

Reaya Co Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reaya Co - Essay Example Our primary goal is to provide nurses who offer excellent care and packages that set public standards and surpass client expectations in a compassionate, appropriate and economical manner. Our vision is to transform the quality of healthcare through values of care, service, novelty and excellence. We are acknowledged by our staff, clients and the society as the best organization to work in as well as the best place for nursing practice. We provide nurses that are highly skilled professionals assuring each family peace of mind that their loved one is in excellent hands. Reaya Co. strives to uphold safe evidence-based nursing practice that reaches the scope of the nursing career as defined by the Joint Commission International. Our nurses possess specialized knowledge and abilities with extensively different paths of practice. We allow independence in decision making to ensure that personal capabilities are accomplished to full potential. The nurses are sophisticated and are adapted to work in different environments with changing client needs. We recognize the need for life-long learning and continuous skill development among the nursing fraternity. Reaya Co. professional services provide a number of learning opportunities for our staff through conferences and events. Our professional services offer expertise and consultancy to our staff regarding various workplace ergonomics as well as health and safety matters. We ensure that our employees are guaranteed of safe working conditions and that they are adequately equipped for safe patient management and disaster preparedness. We promote research activities spearheaded by our nursing professionals as well as other stakeholders in healthcare to ensure our clients take advantage of the latest inventions in nursing and also for our staff to develop research competency for their future career and personal development goals. We also offer internship opportunities that expose upcoming nursing professionals to

Psychosocial interventions and cognitive behavioural therapy. A Case Essay

Psychosocial interventions and cognitive behavioural therapy. A Case Study - Essay Example The death occurred several months ago and Rita has been unable to get past her grief. Rita was personable to all staff and she took the assessments easily. She was assessed to have complicated grief, depression and anxiety. There are several challenges for Rita that as clinicians we will attempt to sort out so that she can receive the medical assistance that she needs. Rita was diagnosed with complicated grief as one of the first "symptoms" of her health needs. There are several issues that come about because of complicated grief. Wagner, Knaevelsrud and Maercker found that when a significant person dies it can leave a spouse with a variety of emotions from a post-traumatic stress situation to increased passion and optimism. They also cite that there is a larger body of evidence that shows complicated grief as a disorder that should be seen as different than depression (Wagner, Knaevelsrud and Maercker 2007: 157). Langner and Maerker argue that complicated grief is a disorder that shows "as a combination of sustained intrusion, avoidance and maladjustment symptoms" (Langner and Maerker 2005 cited in Wagner et. al. 2007: 157). They also suggest that this disorder can be related to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) because it usually is a reaction to having exposure to an event that was stressful. For Rita, the complicated grief is a result of her husbands death which was her traumatic event. His death was not expected when it happened and she was not prepared for it. She may have some responses that are similar to the PTSD symptoms but they do not seem to be the most prevalent in her diagnosis. As the psychiatric nurse part of the mental health team, it is important o notice that grief is always something that happens in life. Most people will have a healthy relationship with grief because they will go through anger ad other emotions naturally. Some may feel that the people who are attempting to help them have ulterior motives. The bereaved may also

Situation analysis of Grill`d Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Situation analysis of Grill`d - Essay Example The paper presents a brief situation analysis of Grill’d comprising major components to it; market analysis, product analysis, competition, distribution analysis and SWOT analysis etc. This paper highlighted that Grill’d, though started as a small upstart in 2004, has now emerged to be a big company operating through 51 own and franchised businesses and delivering quality and fresh burgers across major towns of Australia. Local marketing has been a significant marketing strategy, whereas franchising and Airstream by which it sends its van with burgers to various programs and events are other significant distribution strategies. As far as competition is concerned, the company faces quite fierce competition from local as well as multinationals such as McDonald and Burger King. It has more opportunities since it can always ensure its presence whenever there are events or festivals. To develop a comprehensive marketing plan about the product or service being marketed usually requires formative research that can flesh out details of strengths and opportunities the firm experiences. With a situation analysis, the firm can look inward to understand its strengths and weaknesses and look outward to see what its opportunities and threats are. Grill’d is a chain of burger bars designing, making and selling fresh, healthy and quality beef, chicken breast and lamb burgers. When the first Gril’d restaurant was opened in Melbourne in March 2004, it has truly caused people to think of ‘quality meal-sized burgers’ to be available in parts of Australia and the dream became reality that the company opened as many as more than 45 branches in several regions of Australia such as Brisbane, Coolangatta, Sydney, Newscattle etc. (Franchise Business, 2012) The company operates through its won as well as franchised stores with a view to meet an on going and ever increasing demand for quality hamburgers made with fresh and fine ingredients of chicken and beef. As far the basic marketing concept is concerned, it should start with potential customer needs, but not with production process (Perreault, Cannon and McCarthy, p. 6). A successful marketer is one who anticipates needs and determines what specific goods or services to be offered to target the customers. Grill’d is another example for how successfully a marketer can anticipate needs and thus seize marketing opportunities. It has been a major reason why Grill’d is Australia’s one of the fastest growing hamburger retail networks (dcstrategy.com, 2012). It not only anticipated the customer needs for burgers, but also the latent customers’ seeking of quality, fresh and fine ingredients for food or related items available in the market. The Market Situation As noted by the 2007 CEO of Grill’d, Simon Crowe, the company mainly appeals to a wide spectrum of customers, being the primary targeted market as people between the ages of 21 and 28. Quite specifically, this generation highly particular about fast food and are becoming greatly familiar with fast food concept, but are health conscious too. Grill’d is targeting this generation since they want food that is adult-oriented with a concept of ‘f un-food designs’ and they expect it from reliable brand (The Australian, 2007). A target market comprises of set of buyers who share common needs, characteristics or features that the marketer decides to serve them (Armstrong and Kotler, 2005, p. 199). Buyers have unique needs and wants that the company target them with certain product or service

The Great Athena Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Great Athena - Essay Example LeQuire found out that the original sculptor, Pheidias, built the Athena on with curved ivory on a wooden framework. The ivory acted as the gold wardrobe and skin for the original Athena. After sufficient research, LeQuire began to reconstruct the Athena. LeQuire began by first creating small clay models of the statue. From these models as starting points, the sculptor spent more than three years in enlarging the statue. This also involved the casting process which led to the building of the full Athena of Parthenon. The artist assembled the Great Athena by casting gymnasium cement in the Parthenon. The assembly involved casting of many moulds that enlarged the statue while giving it its beautiful look. In order to ensure that the statue had sufficient support, LeQuire attached each of the sections of the Athena into an armature made of steel. There are several different materials which were used in the surface materials of the statues. The most obvious of these is gold, which can be seen on Athena’s tunic, helmet, shield, and spear. However, the other elements used in the statue were ivory and silver. The sculptor put a Sphinx likeness in the center of the statue’s helmet to make it more appealing. The statue was const ructed and made upright with griffins on both sides of its helmet. The head of the status is one of the pieces of the work which is made of ivory, with a long, golden tunic that goes down to the Athena’s feet. Most of the elements of the statue, in addition to supplying it with physical beauty and attractiveness, were designed in order to have symbolic references to Athena’s role as a goddess. For example, the spear is held on the hand of the Athena which is symbolic of war. In the other hand, the Athena holds the statue of victory to signify successful engagement in a war. The shield in the feet of the Athena is symbolic of protection from the serpent which is near the shield. It is argued that the serpent was meant to

Situation analysis of Grill`d Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Situation analysis of Grill`d - Essay Example The paper presents a brief situation analysis of Grill’d comprising major components to it; market analysis, product analysis, competition, distribution analysis and SWOT analysis etc. This paper highlighted that Grill’d, though started as a small upstart in 2004, has now emerged to be a big company operating through 51 own and franchised businesses and delivering quality and fresh burgers across major towns of Australia. Local marketing has been a significant marketing strategy, whereas franchising and Airstream by which it sends its van with burgers to various programs and events are other significant distribution strategies. As far as competition is concerned, the company faces quite fierce competition from local as well as multinationals such as McDonald and Burger King. It has more opportunities since it can always ensure its presence whenever there are events or festivals. To develop a comprehensive marketing plan about the product or service being marketed usually requires formative research that can flesh out details of strengths and opportunities the firm experiences. With a situation analysis, the firm can look inward to understand its strengths and weaknesses and look outward to see what its opportunities and threats are. Grill’d is a chain of burger bars designing, making and selling fresh, healthy and quality beef, chicken breast and lamb burgers. When the first Gril’d restaurant was opened in Melbourne in March 2004, it has truly caused people to think of ‘quality meal-sized burgers’ to be available in parts of Australia and the dream became reality that the company opened as many as more than 45 branches in several regions of Australia such as Brisbane, Coolangatta, Sydney, Newscattle etc. (Franchise Business, 2012) The company operates through its won as well as franchised stores with a view to meet an on going and ever increasing demand for quality hamburgers made with fresh and fine ingredients of chicken and beef. As far the basic marketing concept is concerned, it should start with potential customer needs, but not with production process (Perreault, Cannon and McCarthy, p. 6). A successful marketer is one who anticipates needs and determines what specific goods or services to be offered to target the customers. Grill’d is another example for how successfully a marketer can anticipate needs and thus seize marketing opportunities. It has been a major reason why Grill’d is Australia’s one of the fastest growing hamburger retail networks (dcstrategy.com, 2012). It not only anticipated the customer needs for burgers, but also the latent customers’ seeking of quality, fresh and fine ingredients for food or related items available in the market. The Market Situation As noted by the 2007 CEO of Grill’d, Simon Crowe, the company mainly appeals to a wide spectrum of customers, being the primary targeted market as people between the ages of 21 and 28. Quite specifically, this generation highly particular about fast food and are becoming greatly familiar with fast food concept, but are health conscious too. Grill’d is targeting this generation since they want food that is adult-oriented with a concept of ‘f un-food designs’ and they expect it from reliable brand (The Australian, 2007). A target market comprises of set of buyers who share common needs, characteristics or features that the marketer decides to serve them (Armstrong and Kotler, 2005, p. 199). Buyers have unique needs and wants that the company target them with certain product or service

Natural environment Essay Example for Free

Natural environment Essay When walking down the meat isle in the grocery store, do people stop to think where the meat came from? A lot of the labels on food will say that it is farm fresh, but does it really come from all natural environments or not? It is a good question to consider, because people have a right to know where their food is coming from and how it is processed. Throughout the Food Inc movie, it shows the animals growing environments and also explains how the animals are given steroids that increase the speed of their growth. This is dangerous for people because if we are eating this meat, it can be harmful and also unhealthy for us to consume. The companies responsible for the processing of the food, refuse to talk about how the process works, and buyers are starting to feel like the companies are hiding something and it is important that people find out; they have a right to know. â€Å"Some people feel like since they are getting a good deal on their food that they don’t care about where it comes from because it is cheap and always available. † (Food Inc. ) Money is a big issue for many people, and even the people with a lot of money don’t mind getting a good deal at the grocery store. The other side of this would be that some people feel that they want to spend their money on something that is not only cheap, but safe and healthy. People deserve to know where the food they consume is coming from. Until companies are willing to talk to the people and explain what is going on and how they do their job, it is going to be an argument. Many effects are added to the film to make it seem more dramatic and real. It uses animated effect, zooming, and also rotating effect where it goes all the way around the area to show the setting. Animated effects were used to show different animals that the processing is done to, and also the list of stores that sells products from certain companies such as TYSON. Zooming effect is used to get an up-close look of what is going on to the animals, what is in their food, and also to show down inside of the machines that the chickens go through. The rotating effects show the setting in one part of the film where one of the chicken owners let the camera people come in and see the environment that the chickens are growing and living in. It shows proof of how harsh the living environment and growing process of the chickens are. Emotion is also a part of this film. It will either cause a person to feel a negative, positive, or mixed feeling on the subject. This refers to the Ethos of the film. Some people may feel happy because the way the chickens are given growth hormones means people have more food sources and it comes in faster and cheaper. Other people may be upset because it harms the animals and throws off the natural growth process. Some other people may think it doesn’t really matter as long as people have food. Each person has their own opinion, but that is why it is important that the actual facts and processes are detailed to the people, so that people can understand and decide for themselves how they feel about it. In conclusion, the film is a trustworthy source because it has actual video of proof to back its statements up. The film talks about the chickens living in harsh and dirty environments, the way they are given growth hormones to speed up the growth process and increase the size of the breasts, and also how the cows are fed a corn- based food. All of the statements that are made about the processes of food sources, have video footage to show and explain what is being said to the viewer(s). It is also a published movie that is considered a documentary and is shown is schools, so it must be a reliable source to be used in our educational system and to have video of people who participate in the food processing. Citations: Food Inc. Dir. Robert Kenner. Perf. Michael Pollan, Eric Schlosser, and Gary Hirshberg. Magnolia Pictures. DVD.

Controlled But Not Cured Chronic Diseases Nursing Essay

Controlled But Not Cured Chronic Diseases Nursing Essay The life of someone with a chronic medical condition is changed in many ways that a healthy individual cannot understand. There is remarkable impact to the social, recreational and occupational functioning of someone with chronic illness. Relationships are also often compromised and strained as the effects on the family can be as great, but different, than that of the person who is affected. The emotional toll on someone with the challenges of an ongoing illness can be overwhelming. Mood-related symptoms, anxiety, depression, anger, irritability, helplessness and hopelessness are emotions that all those with chronic illness will probably experience. One of the most common chronic illnesses is Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterised by high levels of glucose in the blood. This is also known as hyperglycaemia. This results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. (American Diabetes Association (ADA), Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, 2003). There are several types of diabetes mellitus; they may differ in cause, clinical cause and treatment. The main classifications of diabetes are: Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes, Gestational diabetes mellitus and Diabetes mellitus associated with other conditions or syndromes. This report is focused on Type 1 diabetes. The number of new cases of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus has increased significantly in recent years, particularly in younger children (Alderson et al. 2006). Type 1 diabetic patients are usually diagnosed before thirty years of age (CDC, Diabetes Surveillance, 1999) and in fact an alternative name is Juvenile diabetes. Approximately 5% to 10% of people with diabetes have Type 1 diabetes, in which the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by the auto immune process. Consequently they produce little or no insulin and therefore require insulin injections to control their blood glucose levels. The clinical manifestations of type 1 diabetes are immense. These include rapid weight loss, thirst and hunger, frequent urination, lethargy and maybe even diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Smeltzer, S.C, (2004). If this chronic illness is not managed properly it can result in terrible consequences. These may include loss of eyesight and limbs, coma or even death. All of these complications can affect the persons personal, social, and work life. When diabetes is managed properly, complications like retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy can be prevented (Hernandez Williamson, 2004). This chronic disease has a huge impact on both the patient and the whole family. Parents are continuously concerned about their childs transition through adolescence and often consider this as a stressful period in their life. When individuals are still very young, and thus, depending on their parents or carers there will be a sense of attachment between the two. This situation creates further anxiousness since parents act in different roles simultaneously, the role of a mother or father and the one who pricks her child everyday to check blood glucose levels and administer insulin therapy by injections. Much of the spontaneity of everyday life disappears in a routine of set-meals, blood tests, injections and attention in trying to keep blood glucose levels within a target range. According to Silink (2002) diabetes never takes a holiday. There is no disease in medicine in which parents are asked to make so many daily decisions about a life-saving treatment such as administering of insulin which, in the wrong dose, could cause harm to their child. There is evidence that a grieving period is experienced not only by the child but also by the parents following the loss of their childs health and sometimes parents even blame themselves for their childs disease . At times parents feel helpless in front of the disease and unable to provide the necessary diabetes care for their child. Affected children try to live normal and want to be seen and treated as no-diabetics, even though they know that to cope with their illness, there are things that they have to do that their friends can do without. This situation has a significant impact on the individuals involved and it can lead to loss of confidence and social isolation. Persons having chronic illness are in a constant state of grieving aspects of themselves that they may not get back. According to Stanton, A.L. et. al (1994), coping with the effects of the chronic illness requires a constant reorganizing and redefinition of self based on the changed reality imposed by the illness. The emotions elicited by chronic illness resemble the five stages described by Elisabeth Kubler Ross (1969) as stages of grief. The five stages are Denial, Anger, Depression, Bargaining and Acceptance. In fact, the individuals feel sad over their lost health and all the ramifications of that loss. Kà ¼bler-Ross originally applied these stages to people suffering from terminal illness, later to any form of disastrous personal loss such as employment. This may also include important life events such as the death of a family member, divorce, drug addiction, the onset of a disease or chronic illness or others. Kà ¼bler-Ross claimed these steps do not come in the order noted above, nor are all steps experienced by all patients, though she stated that a person will always experience at least two. It is a fact that no one can ever be prepared for the despair and disruption that a chronic illness bring about. For some individuals, it creates an inner struggle around beliefs and faith.   The person may feel abandoned, angry and confused and start asking the why questions.   For other people, turning to spiritual practice, meditation or prayer can offer comfort.   One theoretical model that has dealt with how cognitive factors influence illness coping behaviours and its outcomes is the Common Sense Model (CSM) of illness representations proposed by Leventhal, Meyer and Nerenz (1980) (Leventhal et al.,1984). The common-sense model of self-regulation of health and illness was developed in the 1980s by Howard Leventhal and his colleagues    (Diefenbach Leventhal, 1996).  The theory has various titles such as the, Self Regulation Theory, Common Sense Model of Illness Representation or Leventhals Theory (Hale et al, 2007).   The key construct within the Common Sense Model is the idea of illness representations or lay beliefs about illness. These representations integrate with existing guidelines that people hold, enabling them to make sense of their symptoms and guide any coping actions. Leventhal et al (1997) describe five components of these illness representations: The first component is identity. This is the label or name given to the condition and the symptoms that appear to go with it, in this case Type 1 diabetes. When a person is diagnosed with a chronic illness, he experiences a health threat in his life. Type1 diabetes presents itself with different symptoms and these are both experienced as body symptoms and also at an abstract cognitive level. Information about diabetes is provided to the individuals in order to have a clear picture of their disease. Hence the more illness coherence the individual has, the more they are capable to deal with it and create their personal model (Hampson, S.E, 1990). For example, a patient in the study of Huston, S.A Houk, C.P. (2011) who was an adolescent with well-controlled disease, noted that T1D is hereditary à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [text omitted] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Its when your body attacks your pancreas and it stops producing insulin. You have to give yourself insulin to make your blood sugar level. In cont rast, patient 10, an adolescent with poorly controlled disease, reported that diabetes type 1 is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ ah, actually I really cant explain it. Time line is another domain of the Common Sense Model, this represents the duration of the illness which can be chronic, acute or cyclical. These beliefs will be re-evaluated as time progresses, and it has been suggested that Inside every chronic patient is an acute patient wondering what happened (Brown, F.M., 2002). The vast majority of patients understand their condition as a lifelong one, although sometimes the hope for a cure is mentioned. A few conflate cure with disease improvement or needing fewer treatments. Several timeline models have been put forward to depict the outcome of the interplay between the genetic and environmental factors. Chatenoud, L., Bluestone, J.A., 2007 argue that disease progression in T1D is not a linear process, but rather proceeds at variable pace in individual patients. For example in the study of Huston, S.A Houk, C.P (2011) a patient with good control of T1D, stated theres a honeymoon stage where you dont have it, like-it could go up from, like 2 days to a month, but à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I havent gone through that yet, and I think it can-it can go away. Personal control can also suffer an impact and since diabetes is a chronic disease there is the risk of poor adaption and lack of control. It is comprehensible that at this age children are difficult to control and can struggle with metabolic management at times. These representations will be based on information gathered from personal experience as well as the opinions and discourses of significant others, health professionals and media sources, reflecting issues such as stress, environmental pollution and other pathogens. Although Diabetic patients try to adhere to treatment and diet, they are also likely to cheat. Some of the patients sometimes are glad that their glucose level is low. They feel so not because of the good result but in order to take the opportunity and eat something sugary so that they have a decent blood glucose level. Treatment control represents the perception that following ones treatment is beneficial.. Managing this chronic illness is challenging. Parents of type 1 diabetic patients have to be strict in order that their children are compliant and empowered to control this disease. Although diabetic patients especially adults tend to be very compliant, those who still have high blood glucose results are then put back. They argue that although they are adherent and sacrifice themselves they still do not have the desired outcome. Consequences and emotional representations: the individual beliefs about the consequences of the condition and how this will impact on them physically, psychologically, financially and socially. These representations may only develop into more realistic beliefs over time. Some sort of consequences always exists when having a chronic illness. For example individuals who are diabetics are sometimes ashamed of telling their friends about their condition. Instead they make up excuses that they do not like sweets or they still get some and then they end up with hyperglycaemia. This shows that the individuals have not yet accepted their disease and are still denying the reality. Self-care activities are seen as a consequence by all diabetics, with specific activities varying by disease and age. Diabetic people describe their disease as serious or very serious, with death most frequently mentioned as the worst that could happen, followed by coma, eye sight problems, wounds or amputations re lated to Diabetes and hospitalization. Apart from all these some of the patients are always hiding that they have diabetes as for them it is a great loss in health which is eventually embarrassing. Financial problems and employment complications can be present as well (Marmot, M., Madge, N., 1987). This is probable due to a diminished level of independence which will effect mobility and reduce the working capacity in the advanced stage of the disease. Moreover, children will also fail to attend school due to frequent hospital visits or admissions, and perhaps sickness from secondary diseases caused by diabetes. Another model is the trajectory model which is a nursing model that mostly considers the situation of individuals with chronic diseases. It has been introduced by Juliet Corbin, a nurse and nursing scientist, and by the sociologist Anselm Strauss. This is also known as the Corbin-Strauss-Model and is recognised as a middlerange explanatory nursing theory (Corbin Straus, 1991). This model focuses on the concerned person having the chronic illness who requires support of the health care system during the process of coping with the illness. In terms of the Trajectory Model (TM), a faithful building of a relation between the caring nursing person and the patient should be affected. McCorkle Pasacreta, (2001) explains eight phases of chronic illness trajectory. The first phase is the Initial or pretrajectory phase, this takes place prior signs and symptoms are present whilst the Trajectory onset phase is when there are the first signs and symptoms and diagnosis takes place. The third phase is the crisis phase which takes place when serious situations occur. The acute phase is the stage where the symptoms are normally controlled by a prescribed regimen. The following phase stable phase is when the symptoms are under control and managed well. On the other hand the unstable phase takes place if the symptoms are not controlled with the prescribed management. The downward phase arises when there is development of mental and physical deterioration and the dying phase is the period before death approaches. This report provides recommendations to improve both the chronically ill individual and his relatives quality of life. The goal of these recommendations is to improve the health and hence become more compliant and adherent to treatment. However before blaming a person who is not very compliant, the health care team should assess the individual for any underlying problems which the patient might be facing. Recommendations Treatment adherence difficulties are common in individuals with diabetes, making glycaemic control difficult to attain. Since the risk of complications of diabetes can be reduced by proper adherence, patients who are not compliant should try and cope with some ideal recommendations for diabetes management. The concepts of compliance and adherence to treatment should be discussed and advices for improving adherence should be offered by adopting a more collaborative model of care emphasizing patient autonomy and choice. Ideally, prioritization and a realistic goal setting programme are discussed with both the patient and his carer to facilitate the implementation of self-management care. These targets should be selected on their importance, patient and carer motivation to succeed and the promptness of self-care. Bodenheimer et al. (2002) argues that selecting the wrong target or initiating too many changes at once can overwhelm the patient and lead to poor adherence. Nurses play a critical role in reducing diabetic difficulties through holistic care and education. The health care team can prevent such complications in patients by providing diabetes education especially to newly diagnosed patients. This can include creating a multidisciplinary diabetic control regimen by meeting patients regularly to check upon patients compliance. Through these interventions, nurses can greatly reduce diabetes complications in patients. When diabetes is not managed appropriately, it can put the individual at risk for long-term health and social problems. The role of the nurse in educating children and their families on the management of their care is imperative. Nurses can provide this information in a variety of settings, such as hospitals and schools. Good management of diabetes can be difficult for anyone, but there are special challenges when the effected person is a child. Youth with diabetes have a much higher rate of depression than the general population (Kanner, Hamrin, Grey, 2003). Young children may not understand why they need treatment and have their fingers pricked all the time. The teenagers are usually more interested in fitting in, and doing whatever their friends are doing at the time (Nabors, Troillett, Nash Masiulis, 2005). All of these challenges increase the need for good education to prevent diabetes related health problems. The average hospital stay for newly diagnosed child with diabetes is less than three days (Habich, 2006). This is barely enough time for the child, and his or her family, to learn the minimum skills needed to manage this disease at home. Some basic skills include how to check blood sugar level, what is the normal range, what to do if it is not within the normal range, and how to administer insulin. After being discharged from hospital most children spend a long time of their day at school where the school nurse will play a role in the management of their care. The nurses may also be the only ones at school with enough knowledge about diabetes to educate the students teachers and coaches about their disease. Educating the school staff is important because they need to watch the children for signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia, such as nervousness, shaking, irritability, or blurred vision. They should also know how to check the childs blood sugar if they suspect it is low, and what to give them if it is. This happens especially if the child is still very young and is not yet compliant. When the child goes for a school activity, the teachers or those caring for the students should always have something sugary such as sweet drinks or sweets which can raise the childs glucose level quickly when necessary. Nurses are both educators and managers of care at schools. According to Brown, S.A (1999), physician encouragement can successfully assist patients change their behaviours. They may also organise support groups if more than one child is diabetic, so that the students can discuss among themselves some issues regarding their illness. The more children are educated about their own disease, the better the chance of it being managed properly. According to ADA 2005, it is important for physicians to provide patients with blood glucose goals. To achieve these goals, patients may need counselling on how to appropriately balance their caloric intake, physical activity, and insulin doses throughout the day. This balance requires patients to learn how food, physical activity, and insulin affect their blood glucose levels. Physicians may refer a patient to a certified diabetes educator at the time of diagnosis or if the patient is unable to meet his or her glycaemic goals. Diabetes self-management education is the essential foundation for the empowerment approach and is necessary for patients to effectively manage diabetes and make these decisions. Funnell, M.M. et al. (1991) state that the purpose of patient education within the empowerment philosophy is to help patients make decisions about their care and obtain clarity about their goals, values, and motivations. Patients need to learn about diabetes and how to safely care for it on a daily basis (Anderson, R.M, 1995). It is also essential to give information about various treatment options, the benefits and costs of each of these strategies, how to make changes in their behaviors, and how to solve problems (Arnold, M.S., 1995). In addition, patients need to understand their role as a decision-maker and how to assume responsibility for their care by means of giving appropriate information. The DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, 2001), demonstrated that tight control of blood glucose levels can cause weight gain and even obesity. Patients should be reminded that food portion control and lower caloric intake plus regular physical activity are critical to avoid weight gain. When dealing with diet, diabetic patients should only eat sweets in moderation. To slow the rapidly rising blood glucose levels caused by sweets, patients should eat them with other foods when possible and use rapid-acting insulin (ADA, 2005). Eating at bedtime and eating other snacks are largely needless to raise blood glucose levels if a patient uses insulin. On the other hand they may be necessary if the patients blood glucose level is low. If the patient is still dependant, parents should be aware of the products available on the markets which are good alternatives of the normal sugar-based ones. It is ideal that people should be encouraged to ask more about these foods and where they are available. In England, a structured educational programme (DAFNE) to help people with Type 1 Diabetes exists. This is called Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE). Making use of this programme persons learn how to regulate their insulin dosage to suit their free choice of food, rather than having to work their life around their insulin doses. Similar programmes will be precious for diabetic patients in Malta if they are implemented. The patient or physician should teach persons who have frequent contact with the patient about the symptoms of hypoglycaemia. They should be knowledgeable on how to treat the condition, how to overcome the patients occasional hypoglycaemia, and the importance of remaining calm during an episode. If the patient needs help, they should simply provide him or her with a source of sugar. Patients usually recover quickly and if not, additional sugar can be given. If extreme hypoglycaemia inhibits a patient from eating or drinking safely, a single injection of glucagon (1 mg intravenously or subcutaneously) usually will restore consciousness within few minutes. One should pay special attention when having excessive alcohol consumption. This increases the incidence of hypertension and stroke and inhibits the liver from releasing glucose, exacerbating hypoglycaemia. Patients should limit alcohol consumption to one to two drinks per day and focus on maintaining a normal blood glucose level when drinking alcohol (Whelton, P.K, 2002). Regular physical activity is especially important for patients with diabetes, because inactivity in these patients is associated with a two times higher risk of cardiovascular disease. According to Moy, C.S. et. al (1993), patients should exercise for thirty to sixty minutes daily at an intensity of at least a brisk walk. These people should be counselled on how to accommodate exercises effect on blood glucose levels. Physicians should tell patients that insulin is absorbed and peaks faster during exercise, especially when injected into the leg. Klonoff, D.C, (2005) recommends that patients should assess fingertip blood glucose levels at least three times daily and record the results whenever they notice that it is not within the normal range. In addition, patients should test their blood glucose levels before and after exercising, before driving, and when they are uncertain if their blood glucose is at an appropriate level. Bedtime testing is especially important because nocturnal symptoms may go unnoticed, causing severe hypoglycaemia. Patients should know how rapidly their insulins take effect, when they peak, and how long they are active. Each type of insulin has distinct advantages and disadvantages. People with diabetes have an increased risk of depression and anxiety, which may be why many diabetes specialists regularly include a social worker or psychologist as part of their diabetes care team. One important aspect of the experience of caring for a child with a chronic illness is social support. Social support can be positive when social interactions are advised and these can leave a fruitful impact on health and well-being. On the other hand, certain social contacts can be stressors rather than supportive. This may include creating uncertainty and worry, negative labelling, giving misleading information and creating dependence (Suls, 1982). There are support groups available both online and in person. Although support groups are not for everyone, they can be good sources of sharing of information. Group members often know about the latest treatments and tend to share their own experiences or helpful information. It is well understood that a supporting family background and a combination of medical professionals involving nutritional therapists, nurses, physiotherapists, education supervisors and the diabetic specialist, lead to the successful management of this increasingly common childhood illness. Patients with diabetes should be reassured that they can do almost anything those without diabetes can do as long as they maintain glucose control. Family doctors can significantly influence their patients outlooks on living with diabetes by educating them and encouraging them to take control of their health. The previous recommendations focus on the key educational messages that patients with diabetes need to know. Taking the time to explain these recommendations, instead of simply providing written materials is beneficial to patients. These discussions can increase patients satisfaction and understanding and benefit their future health. The major focus of Diabetes is the need for adhering to treatment. Also it is imperative that individuals follow the dietary requirements in order to help manage the disease and ensures that certain problems like hypo or hyperglycaemia attacks are minimal. Mancuso et al. (2003) emphasises that education of both children and parents is of extreme importance for understanding diabetes and all it is about and subsequently being successful in long term care. Following the previous recommendations ensures that individuals are empowered to improve and hence have the best quality of care possible.

Structure, Themes, and Motifs in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

Structure, Themes, and Motifs in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman At first glance, Arthur Miller's play, Death of a Salesman appears to be a simple story of the tragic life of an ordinary man. Through a few flashbacks, it would seem that his whole dreary life is told and that is about it. However, this can not be the case, as we know that Arthur Miller is one of the greatest playwrights alive. After reading the play for the fourth or maybe fifth time, I became fully aware of the intricate structure, many themes, and different motifs that Miller used to make this play a classic. In the case of this work, the title would just about sum it up. It is about a salesman, Willy Loman, who is quite ordinary and very unsuccessful. In the end, to no ones surprise he kills himself. The play takes place in the span of three days (including the funeral) and revolves around the return of Willy's two sons who are grown up. He has worked for decades traveling all over New England selling goods for a firm and seems to think that because he is well liked (which really isn't all that true), he is successful. He wishes that his sons too could be like him while they know that they will never be decent businessmen. This is a source of major conflict between the brothers, Biff and Hap, and Willy. Linda, Willy's wife, is very naive and thinks that her husband is just an innocent confused old man and faithfully loves him. She can not stand to see her sons argue against their father even thought they often are right. Through flashbacks and events in the play, it is apparent that Willy, at least subconsciously, believes his life has been terrible. He wishes he could have been as great as Uncle Ben, who made his fortunes in the African diamond mines and not on the rice patty. Willy was having an affair with another woman in Boston and Biff found out about it after his last year in high school. Incidentally, this event probably led to Biff's failure to complete math in summer school, which led to him not graduating high school. Willy tried numerous times to commit suicide with his car and the gas furnace. In the end, the salesman became convinced that he was worth more dead than alive and finally succeeded at something, killing himself with his car.

Addendum to Independent Study in Sound Design and Sound System Component Operation :: essays research papers

Addendum to Independent Study in Sound Design and Sound System Component Operation This past year (2000) I have been working in the sound booth for The John Lyman Center for the Performing Arts. Here at the John Lyman Center (JLC) we have been going through a time of transition. The former resident technical guru who had taken care of JLC's happenings had retired, leaving the JLC in a semi chaotic state. The dance school season was just about to start which happens to be our busiest time of the year. The administrative staff here at the JLC was franticly trying to find a replacement while interim Chris Hudacs fought his was through the perilous dance school season. Finally, when all the hullabaloo was over David Starkey, formally serving as Technical Director of the Theatre Department at Southern Ct. State Univ. was named the new title of Events Manager. When David was still working in the theatre department I had approached him when it was pointed out that there was no one person on staff who knew how to fully operate the sound system. The idea I had come up with was to design an independent study which would allow me to be in the sound booth and empirically discover how to operate the sound system and all of its support components. He agreed that it was a good idea because Greg had never explained anything but remedial board operation. Since I first started working at the JLC I had wanted to work on the sound system, now I was being given the chance. The independent study was written up as follows: Independent Study in Sound Design and Sound System Component operation Objectives: -To demonstrate competence in properly operating the sound system and all its individual components in Lyman Auditorium. Which includes but is not limited to the following:  ¨ Sound board  ¨ Tape player  ¨ DAT player  ¨ Mini disk player  ¨ Compact disk recorder  ¨ Compact disk player  ¨ Digital effects processors  ¨ Patch bay  ¨ Wireless microphones  ¨ Digital synthesizer -By the 8th week be prepared to work with the head sound designer in developing a sound design for the crescent players fall production of "three penny opera". The sound design should incorporate as many of the listed devices as possible to ensure that a high quality production is obtained. The learning process I have been going through has included help from many people. I would sit and pick the brain of every sound engineer that came through here. Finding out what you did with an Omni DriveÃ’ or how to use the feedback detector and the graphic equalizer to get rid of feedback.

Ph Scale

The pH Scale is a scale made to show how acidic or alkaline a substance is. The pH of something is measured with pH paper which can vary from wide range paper, which covers all ph’s, but is not as accurate at some others. There are pH papers that get very specific that can have a range such as 2 or 3 and get much more precise. The neutral on the scale is 7. Anything that is below 7 is considered acidic and anything above 7 is considered alkaline. Acidic substances contain more H+ than OH-.H+ stands for a positively charged hydrogen ion and OH- stands means a negatively charged hydroxide ion. This means something with the pH level of 4 is more acidic than something with the pH level of 9. When an acidic substance is out into another substance the original substance turns more and more acidic. The acids will begin to break down the proteins. The opposite happens with an Alkaline substance. The Alkaline has a negative charge so when placed into a substance it pushes the substance away and then quickly blends in.The proteins do not get broken down, they all mix together and become paler. The reason why pH is important in biology is because the pH of a cells interior helps regulate the cell’s chemical reactions. The cells in the human body need to regulate the chemical reactions in order to grow and to survive. For example, urine has the pH level of 6, which is slightly acidic, and blood has the pH level of about 7. 4 which is slightly alkaline. When the pH of blood changes it is often caused from a failed kidney function.Humans are not the only thing with pH in them however. All living animals have pH inside of them, however our blood pH’s and theirs can vary greatly. Animals such as crabs and clams have a acidic blood pH. Others like dogs have a blood that has a pH level that is alkaline. Conclusion: After observing the effects of an Alkaline and acidic substance on a neutral substance I am able to conclude that the pH level changes. When an A lkaline substance is added to a neutral substance the pH level rises due to the amounts of OH-.Eventually the pH level did even out. When the alkaline substance is added it also causes the substance to loose color. The Acidic substance has quite the opposite effect. When added to the milk the milks pH level dropped and became acidic. The milk became a grayish color and began to chunk up. Eventually the milks pH level did level off and the milk became more like a liquid again. With this being said when an acidic or alkaline substance is added to something, they not only change the pH level, but also they change the appearance.

Why Did the Nationalists Win the Spanish Civil War?

Achilleas Sarantaris 2/10/11 | Republicans| Nationalists| Political Strengths/weaknesses| *Caballero’s rule weakened because Republicans were politically divided due to different ideologies; communists vs. socialists who believed revolution should be postponed, anarchists who believed war could only be won through revolutionary policies. *Terror tactics to control increasing population led to resistance*’May Days† street fighting: communists and socialists vs. narchists enhanced disunity| *main strength was their unity. Franco would assume political and military command because Nationalists wanted unified command. Falange Espaniola Tradicionalista, Franco’s new merged party, had 1,070,000 members. *Supported from the church which opposed the left*Franco gained power and authority from his victories in the battlefield| Military strengths/weaknesses| *Lacked strong military leadership, no unified command; anarchists and Basques refused to be led by a central command structure. Loyal army officers were not trusted by the Republic. Dependent on hazardous ineffective militia units, different fronts operated separately| *Even though initial disunity, Africanistas contained the best troops in the country thus they could cover other forces. *Key to success was unified command. Franco’s leadership was accepted by other right-wing parties, including Italians. *Sound communicators, military equipment and large amount of junior officers together with Franco’s ability as a military leader were decisive factors. | Economic advantages/disadvantages| *Under anarchist control utilities worked by workers’ committees, collective farms set up. However they could not supply the needs of the republic to fight the war. *Production in Catalan fell by 2/3 between 1936 and 1939. *Due to Non-Intervention Committee trade only with USSR, which led to the entire gold reserves of Spain being used up| *Backed by business community, hence they could buy war supplies. *Main industrial areas under their control. *Benefited from unrestricted international trade. USA gave $700 million in credit to the Nationalists. | Foreign Assistance| *Far more limited than that of the Nationalists; main ally USSR. *No Soviet troops send to fight, only 1000 aircrafts, 750 tanks and some advisers, which had to be aid for. *International Brigade sent 35. 000 foreign volunteers with limited impact. 1938 Soviets withdrew support and IB left. Francs initial aid ended when it joined Britain’s Non-Intervention| *Foreign aid was a crucial factor in the Nationalist’s victory. *Rebels benefited from more aid of better quality than that given to Repub licans. Franco’s army airlifted by German’s to mainland. *German condor legion; 10,000 troops, 800 aircraft, 200 tanks. Italians 75,000 troops, 750 planes and 150 tanks. Portuguese 20,000 troops. *Key factor not man power, but advanced technology and equipment they received. | p